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The African JihadsJihad, the Muslim word meaning holy war. During the eighteenth and 19th centuries,this word brought fear to anyone who did not fully believe in the Islamic stateand resided in West Africa. The Jihads of this era not exactly changed the faithof many mess, but also the landscape of West African democracy. AlthoughIslamic Jihads had occurred in the past, they never surmounted to the magnitudeof those of the 18th century. What factors and leaders caused the West AfricanJihads, of the 18th and 19th centuries, to be so sound?The people of West Africa were tired of disposals who constantly over taxedits constituents, and simply did not care for the well being of commonindividuals. The Islamic theology, which was brought to Africa by Muslimtraders, provided individuals a new opportunity of promise, equality, and thepossibility of becoming a spectral being. Islam embraced the majority of WestAfrican people and became known as the overabundant religion of the parting. During the end of the 18th century followers of the religion came to the terminal that it was simply not sufficient to have Islam be the dominantreligion of the area. They felt that Islam needed to be part of the government,instead of having the separation of perform and state.In the 18th and 19th centuries the Islamic population of West Africa joined with the common belief that under Sharia(Islamic right) the government would notoppress individuals, and the law of the Koran would become the law of the land. "The Sharia provided an alternative model of government with which to compareand confront rulers." This movement, which focused on expelling thenon-Orthodox Muslim leaders of West Africa, is due to the leadership of UsmanDan Fodio and Al-Hajj-Umar. These men paved the way for the elaborateness of Islamthrough the creation of the Orthodox Sokoto and Tukolor Empires.The rise of the Islamic Jihad and the elaborateness of both Empires, are at theoutset due to the oppres sion of the Fulbe people in the early 1700s. The Fulbewere pastoralist nomads who at the time had settled in the region of Futa Jalon,which is present day state of Guinea. In this region the Fulbe were oppressedby the ruling pagan farmers, who considered them intruders to the land. Thesepagan authoritarians subjugated the Fulbe people to extraneous taxes and compel several laws to keep them from trading. Due to these extremefactors, the Fulbe looked to answer their miseries by twist to the religionof Islam, which promised a better future.